A relation is said to be in 5NF, if it satisfies the following conditions: It is in 4NF. It cannot be further broken down to… [Read More]

A relation is in 4NF if it satisfies the following conditions: It is in BCNF (Boyce Codd Normal Form). It does not have any multi-valued… [Read More]

In this article, we will discuss the difference between view and table. Both of these terms are commonly used in relational database. What is a… [Read More]

In this guide, you will learn the difference between Denormalization and Normalization. What is Denormalization Denormalization is a process of adding redundant data to tables… [Read More]

Denormalization is a process of adding redundant data to normalized tables in order to avoid unnecessary join operations. This improves the performance of read operations… [Read More]

A database index is a data structure that helps in improving the speed of data access. However it comes with a cost of additional write… [Read More]

Decomposition is a process of dividing a relation into multiple relations to remove redundancy while maintaining the original data. In this guide, you will learn… [Read More]

A relationship between two entities is called recursive relationship if the two entities are of similar type. For example: A relationship between a manager and… [Read More]

Data replication is a process of making the multiple copies of database available on servers. This is done to achieve distributed database. This is to… [Read More]

Starvation is a situation when one transaction keeps on waiting for another transaction to release the lock. This is also called LiveLock. As we already… [Read More]

DBMS is a software that manages the data for efficient storage and fast retrievals of data from database. MySQL, IBM Db2, Oracle, PostgreSQL etc. are… [Read More]

Validation based protocol avoids the concurrency of the transactions and works based on the assumption that if no transactions are running concurrently then no interference… [Read More]

In the previous chapter, you learned lock based protocol in DBMS to maintain the integrity of database. In this chapter, you will learn Timestamp based… [Read More]

A lock is kind of a mechanism that ensures that the integrity of data is maintained. It does that, by locking the data while a… [Read More]

In the previous chapter, you learned how to recover a transaction using log based recovery method in DBMS. In this guide, you will learn how… [Read More]