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DBMS languages

By Chaitanya Singh | Filed Under: DBMS

Database languages are used to read, update and store data in a database. There are several such languages that can be used for this purpose; one of them is SQL (Structured Query Language).

Types of DBMS languages:

DBMS language

Data Definition Language (DDL)

DDL is used for specifying the database schema. It is used for creating tables, schema, indexes, constraints etc. in database. Lets see the operations that we can perform on database using DDL:

  • To create the database instance – CREATE
  • To alter the structure of database – ALTER
  • To drop database instances – DROP
  • To delete tables in a database instance – TRUNCATE
  • To rename database instances – RENAME
  • To drop objects from database such as tables – DROP
  • To Comment – Comment

All of these commands either defines or update the database schema that’s why they come under Data Definition language.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

DML is used for accessing and manipulating data in a database. The following operations on database comes under DML:

  • To read records from table(s) – SELECT
  • To insert record(s) into the table(s) – INSERT
  • Update the data in table(s) – UPDATE
  • Delete all the records from the table – DELETE

Data Control language (DCL)

DCL is used for granting and revoking user access on a database –

  • To grant access to user – GRANT
  • To revoke access from user – REVOKE

In practical data definition language, data manipulation language and data control languages are not separate language, rather they are the parts of a single database language such as SQL.

Transaction Control Language(TCL)

The changes in the database that we made using DML commands are either performed or rollbacked using TCL.

  • To persist the changes made by DML commands in database – COMMIT
  • To rollback the changes made to the database – ROLLBACK
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Comments

  1. Fahad says

    November 27, 2016 at 4:35 PM

    You guys are really awesome,
    Thanks a lots for this valuable information about DBMS,
    Well DBMS is a brief topic and very hard to remember,
    Thank for making DBMS easy

    Reply
  2. habibur says

    December 8, 2016 at 12:13 PM

    Why SQL is taken for instance to categories DDL?
    Is the SQL a sub category of DDL?
    I’m not clear.

    Reply
    • Sakhawat says

      March 17, 2018 at 6:42 PM

      DDL and DML and Query Languages are the mode of database language. On the other hand SQL is the example of Database language, not a subcategory of DDL.

      Reply

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DBMS Tutorial

Basics

  • DBMS Tutorial
  • DBMS Introduction
  • Database Applications
  • DBMS vs File System
  • DBMS vs RDBMS
  • DBMS Architecture
  • Three-level DBMS architecture
  • View in DBMS
  • Abstraction
  • Instance & Schema
  • DBMS languages

Data Models

  • Data Models
  • ER Diagram
  • ER Design issues
  • Convert ER to table
  • DBMS Generalization
  • DBMS Specialization
  • DBMS Aggregration
  • Relational Model
  • Hierarchical Model
  • Constraints
  • Cardinality

Relational Database

  • RDBMS concepts
  • Relational Algebra
  • Relational Calculus
  • Keys Index
  • Primary Key
  • Super Key
  • Candidate Key
  • Foreign Key
  • Composite Key
  • Alternate Key

Normalization

  • Normalization
  • Functional dependency

Transaction Management

  • Transaction Management
  • ACID properties
  • Transaction States
  • DBMS Schedules
  • Serializability
  • Conflict Serializability
  • View Serializability
  • Recoverability Of Schedule
  • Failure Classification
  • Log based Recovery
  • DBMS Checkpoint
  • Deadlock

Concurrency Control

  • Concurrency Control
  • Lock based protocol
  • Timestamp based protocol
  • Validation based protocol

File Organization

  • File Organization
  • Sequential File Organization
  • Heap File Organization
  • Hash File Organization
  • DBMS ISAM
  • B+ File Organization
  • Cluster File Organization

SQL Introduction

  • SQL Introduction
  • SQL Characteristics
  • Advantages of SQL
  • SQL Commands
  • SQL Operators
  • SQL CREATE
  • SQL DROP
  • SQL SELECT
  • SQL INSERT

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